Explain the function of a surge protector.

A surge protector is designed to safeguard electrical devices from voltage spikes, which can occur for various reasons, such as lightning strikes or power surges caused by the electrical grid. When there is a sudden increase in voltage, the surge protector diverts this excess voltage away from connected devices, typically by using components like metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) or gas discharge tubes. By doing this, it prevents overload and potential damage to sensitive electronics, ensuring that they operate safely and remain functional. Understanding this function highlights how essential surge protectors can be in maintaining the longevity and reliability of electrical equipment.